P26: འཕགས་པ་བློ་གྲོས་རྒྱལ་མཚན།

མིང་གཞན། order acc. to frequency
ཆ་ཚང་།:
མིང་ཐོབ།:
འགྲེལ་བརྗོད།:
མིང་བསྡུས།:
མིང་གཞན།
སཾསྐྲི་ཏ།:
རྒྱ་ཡིག:
དབྱིན་ཡིག:
ལོ་དུས།
ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཀྱི་སྐོར།
  • 5th of the Five Great Founding Fathers of Sakya (ས་སྐྱའི་གོང་མ་རྣམ་ལྔ) Ⓢ

  • འཕགས་པ’s standard title is ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ ("King of Religion") Jackson 1997a (p. 45), བླ་མ་དམ་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ ("Noble Guru, King of Religion") Jackson 1997a (pp. 45, 51)

  • first major patron of kāvya studies and translations in Tibet Jackson 1997a (pp. 42, 45)

  • under his patronage ཤོང་སྟོན་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན largely introduced the study of Sanskrit grammar and poetics Jackson 1997a (p. 48)

རིགས་རུས་ཆོ་འབྲང་ བླ་སློབ་སོགས།

h2. Teachers

h2. Students

ལོ་ཚིགས།
  • 1244: ordained by ས་སྐྱ་པཎྜི་ཏ་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན། (1182–1251) at the ཇོ་ཁང་། in ལྷ་ས། Jackson 1987 (vol. 1, p. 28)
  • 1244: took དགེ་ཚུལ། ordination en route to China in the presence of ན-བཟའ་འཕྲེད་གསོལ། (also called ཟུལ་ཕུ་བ།) and the 3rd སྐྱོར་མོ་ལུང་། throne-holder Sørensen & Hazod 2007 (p. 696 n. 5)
  • 1246: reached the court of Köden in Liang-zhou with his uncle Sakya Paṇḍita Petech 1990 (p. 8)
  • 1251: remained in Mongolia after the death of Sakya Paṇḍita Ⓢ
  • 1252 (18th year): འཕགས་པ, in Liang-zhou (ལིང་ཆུ་རྩི) wrote letter to kalyāṇamitras in Tibet; see dbus gtsang gi dge ba'i bshes gnyen la II [2007]
  • late 1253 (19th year): in སྨར་ཁམས་ཙོམ་མདོ in Southern Amdo Petech 1990 (p. 14 n. 33)
  • 1253 (ཆུ་མོ་གླང): འཕགས་པ bestowed empowerments on Qubilai acc. to འཇའ་ས་བོད་ཡིག་མ / འབནདྷེ་གཤེད་བསྐྱེད་མ། of 1254 (ཤིང་ཕོ་སྟག; rendered in sa skya'i gdung rabs chen mo [1986] (pp. 165-167) [edict does not explicitly the Hevajra empowerment], Musrepa mentions Hevajra empowerment and beginning of Vajrayāna Buddhism in Mongolia, sa skya'i gdung rabs mus srad pa [2017] (p. 38), also sa skya'i gdung rabs chen mo [1986] (pp. 151f.)
  • early 1254 (20th year): in མདོ་ཁམས་སྒང Petech 1990 (p. 14 n. 33)
  • 1254: received by Qubilai Petech 1990 (p. 14); in Qubilai's encampment at Liu p'an shan (ལུ་པའི་ཤང), southeast of Ku-yüan prefecture in Kansu province Nakano 1971 (p. 33)
  • May 1254: འཇའ་ས་བོད་ཡིག་མ issued by prince Qubilai in May 1254 Petech 1990 (p. 14 n. 33); see also sa skya'i gdung rabs chen mo [1986] (pp. 162-167), mentions devotion of Qubilai and wife ཆ་བུ to འཕགས་པ and his bestowal of empowerment in ཆུ་མོ་གླང་ཡེཨར (i.e. 1253), issued in ཤིང་སྟག year at རྒྱ་བོད་མཚམས་ལུང་པ་ཤར (i.e. Liu p'an shan)
  • 1255: consecrated tomb of Sakya Paṇḍita in Liang-zhou and returned to མདོ་ཁམས Petech 1990 (p. 15)
  • joint Qubilai in his journey to North China
  • 22nd May 1255: received final ordination at ཐེ་ལེ as full monk Petech 1990 (p. 15)
  • 1255: full ordination under སྙེ་ཐང་པ་གྲགས་པ་སེངྒེ། (~13th cent.) in his twenty-first year ngor chos 'byung [1973] (p. 326.2)
  • full ordination under སྙེ་ཐང་པ་གྲགས་པ་སེངྒེ། (~13th cent.) Sopa 2009 (p. 174); see also Heimbel 2013 (p. 196 n. 60) on his monastic ordination
  • 9th month 1255: was in attendance to the prince Qubilai Petech 1990 (p. 15)
  • 1256 and summer 1257: resided at the Wu-t'ai shan [i.e. རི་བོ་རྩེ་ལྔ] Petech 1990 (p. 15)
  • 1258: འཕགས་པ began initiating Qubilai in Buddhist-Tibetan mysticism Petech 1990 (p. 15)
  • 1258 (24th year): took part in the 3rd Buddhist-Taoist debate Petech 1990 (p. 15); see also Nakano 1971 (p. 33)
  • 9th Jan. 1261: granted to འཕགས་པ the title of National Preceptor (kuo-shih) with an undefined authority as supreme head of the Buddhist clergy; [note that the Yüan-shih reads ti-shih here!], see also Nakano 1971 (p. 34)
  • 1261-1263: little is known of འཕགས་པ's activities during the years following his appointment as kuo-shih. He remained at the court of the new emperor Petech 1990 (p. 16)
  • 1264 (30th year): འཕགས་པ was sent to Tibet with the འཇའ་ས་མུ་ཏིག་མ issued at 28th May 1264: from Śoṅ-t'o, the summer capital ཤང་ཏུ Petech 1990 (p. 17); see also sa skya'i gdung rabs chen mo [1986] (pp. 160-162), here བྱི་བའི་ལོ, mentions bestowal of empowerments and granting the office of ku shih
  • 1264: left the court in spring 1264 Petech 1990 (p. 17)
  • 1264: was granted the authority of the Bureau of General Regulation (Tsung-chih yüan) to administer Tibet and to supervise government relations with the Buddhists Petech 1990 (p. 33), see also The Cambridge history of China (Cambridge University Press, 2008), vol. 6, p. 461
  • 20th May 1264 (?): arrived in སྙི་ལུང་ཨིན་རོང་པོ (Southern Amdo) Petech 1990 (p. 17 n. 46)
  • 24th Dec. 1264: present at ར་མོ་ཆེ temple in Lhasa Petech 1990 (p. 18)
  • beginning of 1265 (31th year): འཕགས་པ arrived at ས་སྐྱ་དགོན། Petech 1990 (p. 18)
  • (31st year): visits ས་སྐྱ་དགོན། mang thos bstan rtsis [1987] (p. 165)
  • 2nd month 1265-2nd month 1267: stayed at ས་སྐྱ་དགོན། for at least 2 years acc. to the colophons of his tracts Petech 1990 (p. 20 n. 52)
  • together with ཤཱཀྱ་བཟང་པོ sponsored also the revision of some earlier translations in the Kangyur Petech 1990 (p. 20)
  • འཕགས་པ recalled to Peking, left Sa skya towards Amdo
  • 23rd Oct.-13th Nov. 1267: stay at འདམ, met ནམ་མཁའ་འབུམ Petech 1990 (p. 20 n. 62)
  • 4th April 1267 (?): stayed at ཙོམ་མདོ་གནས་གསར in སྨར་ཁམས (Southern Amdo)
  • 27th July 1268: arrived at ཅོང་དུ (Chung-tu, Peking) Petech 1990 (p. 22 n. 71)
  • 1968/1269: འཕགས་པ invented the so-called 'Phags pa alphabet that was declared to be the national script in 2nd month of 1269 Petech 1990 (p. 22); see also Nakano 1971 (p. 35 n. 42) stating that is difficult to ascertain the year in which the script was invented; the new script was promulgated by imperial decree in 1269 Nakano 1971 (pp. 35f.)
  • end 1269/beginning 1270: Qubilai granted him the title of the Imperial Preceptor (ti-shih) Petech 1990 (p. 22); see also sa skya'i gdung rabs chen mo [1986] (pp. 212), here in ལྕགས་ཕོ་རྟ (i.e. 1270) at the age of 36 after dbang; see also Nakano 1971 (p. 36), also received the title of ta-pao fa-wang, [note that the Yüan-shih doesn't mention the ti-shih title Nakano 1971 (p. 36 n. 45)]
  • 1271-1273: left for ཤིང་ཀུན (Lin t'ao) where he took residence for three years Petech 1990 (p. 22)
  • 2nd month of 1274: returned to the court in Beijing and renounced his office of Imperial Preceptor Petech 1990 (pp. 22f.)
  • 1274 (40th year): departed to Tibet through South Amdo where he tarried for nearly two years at ཏྲེ Petech 1990 (p. 23); see also Nakano 1971 (p. 36)
  • (41st year): returns to ས་སྐྱ་དགོན། mang thos bstan rtsis [1987] (p. 166)
  • Sep. and Oct. 1275: (sic!) delivered religious discourses to about 1500 monks at མཚོ་མདོ་གནས་གསར headed by སྟོན་ཚུལ Petech 1990 (p. 23)
  • 29th Feb. 1276 (42th year): འཕགས་པ was at ཐང་སྐྱ in དབུས and shortly later at Sakya Petech 1990 (p. 23); see also Nakano 1971 (p. 36)
  • 1277 (43th year): 'phags pa convened at ཆུ་མིག a general conference of the ecclesiastical leaders of the country, chaired by མཆིམས་ནམ་མཁའ་གྲགས Petech 1990 (p. 24); see also Nakano 1971 (p. 36)
  • 15th Dec. 1280: འཕགས་པ died in the ལྷ་ཁང་བླ་བྲང of ས་སྐྱ་དགོན། Petech 1990 (p. 23); see also Nakano 1971 (pp. 36f.)
ཟུར་མཆན།
  • ལམ་འབྲས་བླ་བརྒྱུད། position no. 15
ས་སྐྱ་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ཁང་། 2011-2024 | ནང་ཞུགས།